Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 17, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
Construct validity of the psychological inventory of criminal thinking styles in relationship to the PAI,
Glenn D Walters1, Matthew D Geyer
1Federal Correctional Institution, Schuylkill, Pennsylvania 17954-0700, USA. gwalters@bop.gov
Abstract:
We evaluated the convergent and discriminant validity of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS; Walters, 1995) in a group of 199 maximum security prisoners. As anticipated, the PICTS Confusion scale correlated with the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) Negative Impression scale, whereas the PICTS Defensiveness scale paralleled the PAI Positive Impression scale. Also as predicted, a greater portion of the PICTS thinking style scales correlated with the PAI Antisocial Features scale than correlated with the PAI Somatic Complaints, Anxiety, Depression, Mania, Paranoia, and Schizophrenia scales. When the PICTS composite scales were converged onto behavioral indexes, modest statistically significant relationships surfaced between the PICTS Reactive scale and a record of disciplinary infractions and between the PICTS Proactive scale and program completion.
Related Concept Videos
Self-Report Tests of Personality
Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory
Implicit Personality Theories