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Related Experiment Videos

Human cerebral circulation: positron emission tomography studies.

Hiroshi Ito1, Iwao Kanno, Hiroshi Fukuda

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Division of Brain Sciences, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. hito@idac.tohoku.ac.jp

Annals of Nuclear Medicine
|May 25, 2005
PubMed
Summary

This review establishes normal human cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen metabolism values using PET scans. It details intrinsic regulation mechanisms of cerebral circulation, including autoregulation and chemical factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Cerebral circulation and oxygen metabolism are critical for brain function.
  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a key imaging technique for measuring these parameters.
  • Understanding normal values and regulatory mechanisms is essential for diagnosing cerebrovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on normal human cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) measured by PET.
  • To elucidate the intrinsic regulatory mechanisms of human cerebral circulation.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview for future research in cerebrovascular pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies measuring human cerebral circulation and oxygen metabolism using PET.

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  • Analysis of data from a multicenter study in Japan involving 11 PET centers and 70 subjects.
  • Examination of intrinsic regulatory factors including autoregulation, chemical factors (PaCO2), neural activity, and neurogenic control.

    • Main Results:

    • Established mean +/- SD values for CBF (44.4 +/- 6.5 ml/100 ml/min), CBV (3.8 +/- 0.7 ml/100 ml), OEF (0.44 +/- 0.06), and CMRO2 (3.3 +/- 0.5 ml/100 ml/min) in normal human subjects.
    • Demonstrated that between-center variations in PET-derived values were comparable to within-center variations.
    • Identified autoregulation, PaCO2, neural activity, and sympathetic innervation as key regulators of CBF.
    • Showed that changes in CBV during altered PaCO2 are primarily due to arterial blood volume changes.

    Conclusions:

    • PET measurements of human cerebral circulation and metabolism show reliable consistency across centers.
    • Intrinsic regulatory mechanisms, including autoregulation and chemical factors, maintain stable cerebral blood flow.
    • Findings provide a baseline for understanding cerebrovascular diseases and guide future research.