[Acute coronary syndrome and cell technologies]

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Regenerative Medicine
• Stem Cell Therapy

Background:

• Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
• Current treatments aim to restore blood flow but often leave residual myocardial damage.
• Exploring novel therapeutic strategies to improve cardiac function post-MI is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the safety and efficacy of autologous bone marrow stem cell (MSC) transplantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
• To evaluate the impact of MSC therapy combined with myocardial revascularization on cardiac function and perfusion.

Main Methods:

• Ten male patients with AMI underwent autologous bone marrow mononuclear fraction transplantation into the infarction-related artery 5-7 days post-primary angioplasty and stenting.
• Patients were monitored for complications, and cardiac function was assessed via ECG, EchoCG, and contrast EchoCG one month post-transplantation.
• Exclusion criteria included age over 70, acute heart failure, and MI onset >48 hours prior.

Main Results:

• Autologous MSC transplantation was safe and well-tolerated, with no observed complications or side effects.
• Left ventricle ejection fraction significantly improved from 42.9% to 51.4% (p < 0.01).
• The number of asynergic segments decreased, systolic velocity increased, and myocardial perfusion improved in the treated area.

Conclusions:

• Autologous MSC transplantation is a safe and effective adjunctive therapy for AMI patients.
• Combined therapy enhances global and regional myocardial contractility and normalizes diastolic filling.
• Cell therapy improves myocardial perfusion, offering a potential regenerative approach for heart attack recovery.