MR imaging with histopathological correlation in vertebral metastases of breast cancer

In 5 patients with advanced breast cancer and spinal metastases MR imaging of the spine was performed before and/or after death. T1-, proton density-, and T2-weighted and "phase contrast" images were obtained in the sagittal plane. Autopsies included histopathologic examination of whole sagittal sections of the vertebral body. The relative signal intensities on the different MR sequences of various tissues identified histologically were evaluated. "Phase contrast" images combined with T1-weighted images were highly sensitive in detecting metastases. All metastatic tumours over 3 mm in size were found with MR imaging. Vertebrae containing connective tissue and reactive bone marrow had an MR appearance similar to that of metastases even though no metastases were found histopathologically.