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Development of gas-phase sample-introduction techniques for analytical atomic spectrometry
1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
Summary
This review summarizes 30 years of gas-phase sample introduction techniques for atomic spectrometry. Developed methods significantly improve trace element determination sensitivity compared to conventional approaches.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Spectrometry
- Atomic Spectroscopy
Background:
- Extensive research over 30 years has focused on gas-phase sample introduction for analytical atomic spectrometry.
- Key techniques include hydride generation, cold-vapor mercury generation, and analyte volatilization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review fundamental results of gas-phase sample introduction techniques developed in the author's laboratory.
- To detail the analytical figures of merit for these methods.
- To highlight improvements in trace element determination.
Main Methods:
- Hydride generation coupled with AAS, ICP-AES, N2-MIP-AES, AFS, and ICP-MS.
- Cold-vapor mercury generation with He/Ar-MIP-AES and AFS.
- Analyte volatilization reactions for ICP-AES, He-MIP-AES, and ICP-MS.
Main Results:
- Significant sensitivity improvements achieved compared to conventional solution nebulization.
- Successful application of developed techniques to diverse practical samples.
- Demonstrated efficacy for single- and multi-element determinations.
Conclusions:
- Gas-phase sample introduction methods offer substantial advantages in analytical atomic spectrometry.
- These techniques are crucial for sensitive trace element analysis in real-world samples.
- The reviewed methods represent a significant advancement in the field.