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Daptomycin: a novel cyclic lipopeptide antimicrobial.

Christopher A Schriever1, Cristina Fernández, Keith A Rodvold

  • 1Loyal University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
|May 26, 2005
PubMed
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Daptomycin is a novel cyclic lipopeptide effective against gram-positive bacteria, including resistant strains. This antibiotic shows efficacy in treating complicated skin infections and has a favorable safety profile.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Daptomycin is a novel cyclic lipopeptide antimicrobial agent.
  • It targets a range of gram-positive bacteria, including multiple-drug-resistant isolates.
  • It has minimal activity against anaerobic bacteria and no activity against gram-negative bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development, activity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of daptomycin.
  • To evaluate daptomycin's role in treating complicated skin and skin-structure infections (CSSSIs).

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on daptomycin.
  • Analysis of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial results for efficacy and safety.

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Main Results:

  • Daptomycin is bactericidal against gram-positive organisms, with rapid, extensive, and concentration-related initial activity.
  • Linear pharmacokinetics observed, best described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination.
  • Clinical trials demonstrate efficacy in treating CSSSIs, with an FDA-approved indication.
  • Adverse effects are comparable to vancomycin and semisynthetic penicillins.
  • Recommended dosage for CSSSIs is 4 mg/kg by i.v. infusion every 24 hours.

Conclusions:

  • Daptomycin is a valuable bactericidal agent for gram-positive infections.
  • It provides a treatment option for complicated skin and skin-structure infections.
  • Its pharmacokinetic and safety profiles support its clinical use.