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Psychological precursors of panic attacks.

J Kenardy1, L Fried, H C Kraemer

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
|May 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Anticipating panic attacks, not anxiety or threat, significantly predicts their onset in individuals with panic disorder. Anxiety levels may also follow a daily circadian rhythm.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Panic disorder is a debilitating condition characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.
  • Understanding the psychological precursors to panic attacks is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate psychological precursors of panic attacks in female subjects with panic disorder.
  • To examine the relationship between anxiety, threat, control, prediction of panic, and panic attack onset.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 20 female participants diagnosed with panic disorder.
  • Hourly assessments of anxiety, threat, control, prediction of panic, and symptoms using a computerized diary over one week.
  • Analysis of self-reported data to identify significant predictors of panic attacks.

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Main Results:

  • Patients' prediction ratings of impending panic attacks were the sole significant psychological precursor.
  • Anxiety levels appeared to exhibit a circadian pattern throughout the study period.
  • No significant association was found between general anxiety, threat perception, or control and panic attack onset.

Conclusions:

  • The expectancy or prediction of a panic attack is a critical factor in its actual occurrence.
  • Anxiety management strategies focusing on cognitive prediction may be beneficial for panic disorder.
  • Further research into the circadian patterns of anxiety in panic disorder is warranted.