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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
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Articulations of the Vertebral Column

In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

C-arm-Free Simultaneous OLIF51 and Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation in a Single Lateral Position
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Published on: September 16, 2022

Isthmic spondylolisthesis.

Aruna Ganju1

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. aganju@nmff.org

Neurosurgical Focus
|May 27, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Isthmic spondylolisthesis, a common spinal condition affecting 4-8% of people, involves a pars interarticularis defect. Most cases improve with non-surgical treatments, but surgery may be needed for persistent symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Spinal Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Isthmic spondylolisthesis affects 4-8% of the population.
  • Characterized by a pars interarticularis defect, often due to repetitive stress.
  • Multifactorial etiology includes mechanical, genetic, and hormonal influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the natural history of isthmic spondylolisthesis.
  • To discuss current and emerging treatment options.
  • To synthesize existing literature on the condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of isthmic spondylolisthesis.
  • Analysis of natural history and treatment outcomes.
  • Synthesis of data on surgical interventions.

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Main Results:

  • The majority of patients respond to conservative, non-operative management.
  • Persistent pain, neurological deficits, or deformity may necessitate surgical intervention.
  • Surgical options encompass decompression, fusion (with or without instrumentation), and reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Isthmic spondylolisthesis is a prevalent condition with diverse origins.
  • Conservative treatment is effective for most patients.
  • Surgical interventions offer solutions for refractory cases, improving patient outcomes.