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Updated: Aug 17, 2026

Laboratory Scale Slow Cook-Off Testing of Rocket Propellants: The Combustion Rate Analysis of a Slowly Heated Propellant (CRASH-P) Test
Published on: February 6, 2021
[Characteristics of acute and chronic intoxication induced by rocket propellant nitrogen tetroxide]
Mao-xing Yue1, Rui-yun Peng, Zheng-guo Wang
1The 306th Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China. yuemx@cetin.net.cn
Objective:
To investigate the characteristics of acute and chronic injuries of the nitrogen tetroxide, a kind of propellant of rocket.
Method:
128 male rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: acute control group (56), acute nitrogen tetroxide intoxication group (56), long-term response group (8). The animals were killed sequentially at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Nitrogen tetroxide was administrated through inhalation at the concentration of 81 mg/m3 for 15 min. Chronic injuries and pathologic changes were also observed one year after the intoxication.
Result:
Pulmonary edema was the main pathological changes after intoxication, complicated with partial haemorrhage. Data acquired from long-term observations showed 75% pulmonary fibrosis and one case of adenocarcinoma of lung.
Conclusion:
The first 2 to 6 h after intoxication is the most severe stage of the injury. During the long-term observation, we find that intoxication with nitrogen tetroxide can induce pulmonary fibrosis and adenocarcinoma.
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