Antibiotic therapy in pregnancy and lactation

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Obstetrics
• Neonatology

Background:

• Drug administration during pregnancy and lactation poses risks to the developing fetus or neonate.
• The maternal and fetal/neonatal compartments are uniquely connected via the placenta or breast milk, facilitating drug transfer.
• Fetal and neonatal organisms are sensitive to drug effects, necessitating careful consideration of medication safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the most frequently used antibiotics during pregnancy and lactation.
• To provide practical suggestions for healthcare providers regarding antibiotic use in these populations.
• To identify and highlight antibiotics that should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on commonly prescribed antibiotics during pregnancy and lactation.
• Analysis of drug transfer mechanisms across the placental barrier and into breast milk.
• Synthesis of current clinical recommendations and safety data for antibiotic use.

Main Results:

• Identified frequently used antibiotics in pregnant and lactating women.
• Detailed the potential risks and benefits associated with specific antibiotic classes.
• Clearly indicated antibiotics that are contraindicated or should be used with extreme caution.

Conclusions:

• Careful selection of antibiotics is crucial during pregnancy and lactation to minimize fetal and neonatal exposure.
• Healthcare providers should be aware of drug transfer pathways and potential adverse effects.
• Adherence to guidelines for avoiding specific antibiotics is essential for patient safety.