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Related Experiment Videos

Mechanical loading modulates glutamate receptor subunit expression in bone.

Anna M Szczesniak1, Robert W Gilbert, Maya Mukhida

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3J5.

Bone
|June 1, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Mechanical loading alters glutamate receptor (GluR) expression on bone cells, suggesting glutamate

Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology and Mechanotransduction
  • Neurotransmitter Signaling in Skeletal Tissues
  • Cellular Mechanisms of Bone Remodeling

Background:

  • The link between mechanical loading and bone remodeling is not fully understood at the cellular level.
  • Glutamate (Glu) is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system that acts via glutamate receptors (GluR).
  • Nerves containing glutamate are found near bone cells expressing functional GluRs, suggesting a potential role in bone remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) on bone cells in vivo.
  • To determine the effect of mechanical loading on the expression of these receptors.
  • To assess the functional relevance of NMDA and AMPA/kainate receptors in osteoclast activity.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Immunohistochemistry was used to identify N-methyl-D-aspartate acid (NMDA) and non-NMDA (AMPA/kainate) ionotropic GluR subunits on rat bone cells.
  • A Materials Testing System (MTS) applied mechanical compressive loads to rat limbs to study load-induced changes in GluR expression.
  • Osteoclast resorptive activity was analyzed in vitro using NMDA and AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists (MK801 and NBQX).

Main Results:

  • Osteoclasts and bone lining cells expressed various NMDA and non-NMDA GluR subunits, while osteocytes and chondrocytes did not.
  • Mechanical loading resulted in a significant loss of immunoexpression for several GluR subunits on osteoclasts and bone lining cells.
  • Inhibition of NMDA and AMPA/kainate receptors reduced osteoclast resorptive activity in vitro, indicating their functional importance.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical loading modulates the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors on bone cells.
  • Glutamate signaling, mediated by ionotropic GluRs, may play a role in linking mechanical load to bone remodeling.
  • These receptors are functionally relevant to normal osteoclast resorptive activity.