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The spectrum of orofacial clefting
Barry L Eppley1, John A van Aalst, Ashley Robey
1Division of Plastic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. beppley@iupui.edu
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|June 1, 2005
Summary
Orofacial clefts are common congenital defects affecting the lip and palate. Research indicates a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributes to their development.
Area of Science:
- Craniofacial anomalies
- Embryology
- Genetics
Background:
- Orofacial clefts represent frequent congenital facial malformations.
- Typically present as lateral lip clefts, potentially involving the palate.
- Atypical cleft patterns also occur, with varying embryological predictability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the types, anatomical disruptions, and causes of congenital orofacial clefts.
- To define the incidence and inheritance risks associated with orofacial clefts.
- To provide an overview of embryology, etiology, and epidemiology.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of congenital orofacial clefts.
- Overview of embryological development related to facial clefts.
- Analysis of incidence and genetic transmission patterns.
Main Results:
- Review of clefts in lateral upper lip, median upper lip, oblique facial, lateral facial, and median mandibular regions.
- Detailed description of anatomical sites of disruption and resulting deformities.
- Summary of known causes and incidence rates for various orofacial cleft types.
Conclusions:
- Orofacial clefts are malformations originating from the mouth and lips.
- Complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors are implicated in their etiology.
- Future research necessitates advanced methods to understand these interactions.