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Nonlinear explanation for bone-conducted ultrasonic hearing.

Kiyoshi Fujimoto1, Seiji Nakagawa, Mitsuo Tonoike

  • 1Institute for Human Science and Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan. kys.fujimoto@kwansei.ac.jp

Hearing Research
|June 1, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Humans can hear speech via ultrasonic carriers using bone conduction. This study found that ultrasonic hearing

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Psychoacoustics
  • Bioacoustics

Background:

  • Human hearing typically ranges from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.
  • Ultrasonic frequencies (above 20 kHz) are generally inaudible.
  • Bone-conduction stimulation can transmit sound via vibrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the psychoacoustic properties of hearing ultrasonic signals.
  • To determine the mechanisms underlying the perception of modulated ultrasound.
  • To measure frequency discrimination abilities for ultrasonic carriers.

Main Methods:

  • Human subjects listened to pure tones modulated onto ultrasonic carriers (30 kHz sine wave or bandpass noise).
  • Difference limens for frequency (DLF) were measured using a two-interval forced-choice procedure.

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  • Amplitude modulation schemes included double side-band transmitted carrier and double side-band suppressed carrier.

    • Main Results:

    • DLFs for ultrasonic carriers were comparable to air-conducted tones (0.25–4 kHz) when using a double side-band transmitted carrier.
    • Larger DLFs were observed for low (0.125 kHz) and high (6–8 kHz) modulated frequencies.
    • Results were consistent across sine wave and bandpass noise ultrasonic carriers.
    • DLFs indicated a doubling of perceived frequency when using a double side-band suppressed carrier.

    Conclusions:

    • Nonlinear processes in the auditory system can demodulate audible signals from ultrasonic carriers.
    • Bone-conduction stimulation effectively transmits ultrasound for auditory perception.
    • These findings suggest a mechanism for ultrasonic hearing involving cochlear input.