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Pathomechanisms in celiac disease.

Frits Koning1, Detlef Schuppan, Nadine Cerf-Bensussan

  • 1Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. f.koning@lumc.nl

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology
|June 1, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Celiac disease involves an immune reaction to gluten, affecting millions. Both adaptive and innate immunity, involving T cells and Interleukin-15 (IL-15), explain gluten

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Immunology

Background:

  • Celiac disease is an inflammatory small intestine disorder triggered by gluten proteins from wheat, rye, and barley.
  • Affecting approximately 1 in 200 individuals, it impacts millions in Western Europe and North America.
  • The condition involves a complex interplay between environmental factors (gluten), genetic predisposition (HLA-DQ2/8), and autoantigens like tissue transglutaminase (tTG).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying gluten's disease-inducing capacity in celiac disease.
  • To detail the roles of both adaptive and innate immune responses in the pathogenesis of celiac disease.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data concerning gluten-specific T cells in celiac patients since the early 1990s.
  • Investigation of the interplay between gluten, HLA-DQ2/8 haplotypes, and tissue transglutaminase (tTG).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Exploration of the contribution of innate immunity, including specific gluten peptides and Interleukin-15 (IL-15).

    • Main Results:

    • Established the critical role of adaptive immunity, mediated by lamina propria T cells responding to gluten peptides.
    • Highlighted the significant contribution of innate immunity, triggered by distinct gluten peptides and driven by Interleukin-15 (IL-15).

    Conclusions:

    • Gluten's disease-inducing capacity is explained by the combined actions of adaptive and innate immune responses.
    • Understanding these immune pathways provides unique insights into celiac disease pathogenesis.