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Changes in gravitational force affect gene expression in developing organ systems at different developmental times.

Naoko Shimada1, Gbolabo Sokunbi, Stephen J Moorman

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. shimadna@umdnj.edu

BMC Developmental Biology
|June 2, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Simulated microgravity affects gene expression in developing zebrafish organs. Specific developmental periods show increased susceptibility, but organs appear to recover despite continued exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Space Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Limited understanding of microgravity's impact on in vivo embryonic gene expression.
  • Transgenic zebrafish (beta-actin promoter driving GFP) used to study gene expression.
  • Focus on effects of simulated microgravity on developing organ systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of simulated microgravity on gene expression in developing zebrafish organs.
  • Identify specific developmental time windows of susceptibility to microgravity.
  • Determine if developing organs recover from microgravity-induced gene expression changes.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of transgenic zebrafish to simulated microgravity at various developmental stages.
  • Monitoring GFP expression in the heart, notochord, eye, somites, and Rohon-beard neurons.

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  • Quantifying changes in gene expression over different exposure durations.

    • Main Results:

    • The developing heart showed a ~30% increase in gene expression between 32-56 hours post-fertilization.
    • Notochord, eye, somites, and Rohon-beard neurons exhibited susceptibility between 24-72 hours post-fertilization.
    • The notochord displayed a secondary susceptibility period from 8-32 hours post-fertilization; organs showed recovery by 80 hours.

    Conclusions:

    • Simulated microgravity exposure alters gene expression in multiple developing organ systems of live zebrafish embryos.
    • Specific periods of maximum susceptibility to microgravity effects exist during embryonic development.
    • Developing organs demonstrate a capacity for recovery despite ongoing simulated microgravity exposure.