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Related Concept Videos

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Cell Motility through Blebbing

Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction
17:14

In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction

Published on: January 27, 2011

CLIPs and CLASPs and cellular dynamics.

Niels Galjart1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. n.galjart@erasmusmc.nl

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|June 2, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Plus-end tracking proteins (TIPs) like cytoplasmic linker proteins (CLIPs) and CLIP-associating proteins (CLASPs) regulate microtubule dynamics. Their cooperation is crucial for directing the microtubule network and cellular asymmetry.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cytoskeleton Dynamics

Background:

  • Microtubule dynamics are essential for cellular functions.
  • Plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) regulate microtubule polymerization and depolymerization.
  • Cytoplasmic linker proteins (CLIPs) and CLIP-associating proteins (CLASPs) are key +TIPs involved in microtubule regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the cooperative mechanisms of CLIPs and CLASPs in regulating microtubule dynamics.
  • To understand how these proteins direct the microtubule network.
  • To investigate their role in establishing cellular asymmetry.

Main Methods:

  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to visualize microtubule structures and protein localization.
  • Biochemical assays to study protein-protein interactions between CLIPs and CLASPs.

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  • Cellular perturbation experiments to assess the impact of CLIP/CLASP manipulation on microtubule organization and cell shape.

    • Main Results:

    • CLIPs and CLASPs were found to interact and colocalize at microtubule plus-ends.
    • Co-depletion of CLIPs and CLASPs resulted in significant defects in microtubule organization and stability.
    • The coordinated action of CLIPs and CLASPs was essential for proper localization of dynein-dynactin and the establishment of cellular asymmetry.

    Conclusions:

    • CLIPs and CLASPs function synergistically to control microtubule dynamics and organization.
    • This cooperative mechanism is vital for regulating cellular asymmetry through directed microtubule networks.
    • Targeting CLIP-CLASP interactions may offer new avenues for understanding and treating diseases associated with cytoskeletal dysfunction.