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Related Concept Videos

What is an Experiment?01:12

What is an Experiment?

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An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
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In a beam of charged particles created by a heated cathode, the particles move at different speeds. However, many applications need a beam with uniform particle speeds. An arrangement known as a velocity selector uses electric and magnetic fields to pick particles with a particular speed from the beam.
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When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
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Randomized Experiments01:13

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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
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Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
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The famous and controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University, demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts.
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Correlation Between the Sleep-Position Habits and the Affected Posterior Semicircular Canal in Patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.

The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ·2019
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Trans-canal endoscopic ear surgery and canal wall-up tympano-mastoidectomy for pediatric middle ear cholesteatoma.

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·2019
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy Retrograde Mastoidectomy using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique
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Mastoidectomy for acute otomastoiditis: our experience.

Lela Migirov1, Jona Kronenberg

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv. smigirov@leumit.co.il

Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
|June 3, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Acute otomastoiditis surgery is often needed within 48 hours. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus are common pathogens, and prompt antibiotic treatment is crucial for effective management.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Acute otomastoiditis is a serious middle ear infection.
  • Early surgical intervention and appropriate antibiotic therapy are critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze outcomes of mastoidectomies in acute otomastoiditis.
  • To identify common complications and pathogens.
  • To guide treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 53 mastoidectomies in 51 patients.
  • Analysis of surgical timing, complications, pathogens, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 49.1% of surgeries performed within 48 hours of symptom onset.
  • Subperiosteal abscess (69.8%) and intracranial complications (11.3%) were most common.

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  • Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were the predominant pathogens.
  • Conservative treatment failed in 26.4% of cases.

    • Conclusions:

    • Early surgery may be indicated for acute otomastoiditis.
    • Broad-spectrum antibiotics covering gram-positive and gram-negative organisms are recommended.
    • Consider subperiosteal abscess, cholesteatoma, or gram-negative infection in treatment failures.