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Sequential studies on thyroid antibodies during pregnancy.

P P A Smyth1, C N Wijeyaratne, W N Kaluarachi

  • 1Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College, Dublin, Ireland. ppa.smyth@ucd.ie

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|June 3, 2005
PubMed
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Pregnancy suppressed thyroid antibodies like antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) in Sri Lankan women. Antibody levels declined during gestation, suggesting pregnancy

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • High prevalence of antithyroid antibodies, specifically TgAb, was previously observed in Sri Lankan female schoolchildren.
  • Thyroid autoimmunity is a concern in various populations, necessitating further investigation during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sequential changes in thyroid antibodies during pregnancy in a Sri Lankan population.
  • To explore the potential impact of pregnancy on thyroid autoimmunity in a region with a high prevalence of thyroid antibodies.

Main Methods:

  • Sequential measurement of thyroid antibodies, including antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), in 25 pregnant women.
  • Comparison of antibody prevalence between pregnant women and nonpregnant controls from the same population.

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Main Results:

  • In nonpregnant controls, TgAb prevalence was 36.8% and TPOAb prevalence was 26.3%.
  • The study group showed a progressive decline in both TgAb and TPOAb throughout gestation.
  • Thyroid antibodies became undetectable in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy appears to exert an immunosuppressive effect on thyroid autoimmunity.
  • The observed decline in thyroid antibodies may be linked to the immunosuppressive effects of pregnancy.
  • These findings are relevant to understanding thyroid health in pregnant women in populations with high thyroid autoantibody titers, potentially influenced by iodization programs.