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Related Experiment Videos

The Koebner phenomenon in eruptive xanthoma.

N Miwa1, T Kanzaki

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan.

The Journal of Dermatology
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

This study reports a rare case of the Koebner phenomenon in xanthoma, where skin lesions appeared along a cat scratch. Foam cells in the dermis confirmed the diagnosis in this Type V hyperlipidemia patient.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Type V hyperlipidemia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by extremely high levels of triglycerides and cholesterol.
  • Xanthomas are cholesterol deposits that appear as yellowish papules or nodules under the skin.
  • The Koebner phenomenon describes the isomorphic response of skin lesions appearing at sites of trauma.

Observation:

  • A 49-year-old woman with Type V hyperlipidemia presented with multiple small, yellow papules with red haloes on her extremities and buttocks.
  • Linear lesions, consistent with the Koebner phenomenon, were observed at the site of a previous cat scratch.
  • Histopathological examination revealed foam cells in the dermis, indicative of xanthoma.

Findings:

  • The presence of xanthoma lesions following a cat scratch represents a rare instance of the Koebner phenomenon.
  • Foam cells, identified by oil red O staining, confirmed the lipid-rich nature of the papules.
  • Literature review identified only five previous cases linking the Koebner phenomenon to xanthoma.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for xanthomas to exhibit the Koebner phenomenon, expanding the understanding of its presentation.
  • Recognizing this phenomenon is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of hyperlipidemia-related skin conditions.
  • Further research into the mechanisms underlying the Koebner phenomenon in xanthoma may offer new therapeutic insights.

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