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Related Experiment Videos

Acyclovir bioavailability in human skin.

G E Parry1, P Dunn, V P Shah

  • 1Division of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
|June 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Oral acyclovir (ACV) is more effective than topical ACV for recurrent skin herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections. This study found topical ACV doesn't reach the basal epidermis, the infection's target site, effectively.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Virology
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Recurrent cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections present complex pathology affecting the basal epidermis and establishing latency in sensory ganglia.
  • Clinical observations indicate oral acyclovir (ACV) surpasses topical ACV in treating these infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify acyclovir (ACV) disposition and absorption in skin and blood via oral and topical routes.
  • To investigate if insufficient drug delivery underlies bioavailability differences between oral and topical ACV.
  • To develop a mathematical model predicting ACV disposition and absorption in humans.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in vitro and in vivo human skin models to assess ACV disposition and absorption.
  • Determined physicochemical and physiological parameters for mathematical modeling.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Developed and validated a mathematical model using experimental data.

    • Main Results:

    • Topical 5% ACV ointment and cream yielded a 48-fold higher total epidermal ACV concentration compared to oral administration.
    • Mathematical modeling revealed 2-3 times lower ACV concentration in the basal epidermis (HSV-1 target site) with topical versus oral administration.
    • Model predictions closely aligned with in vivo data.

    Conclusions:

    • The limited clinical efficacy of topical ACV for recurrent HSV-1 infections is likely due to insufficient drug delivery to the basal epidermis.
    • Understanding ACV disposition is crucial for optimizing topical antiviral therapy for cutaneous infections.