Recent and future advances in the treatment of PMS, PMD, and menopause

In keeping with the widespread demand for therapy, many different ways of dealing with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoria (PMD) and post menopausal symptoms are presently recommended and practiced. Severe depression associated with PMD is often treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), while milder PMS often receives a number of medical and alternate remedies. Post menopausal symptoms are often avoided by use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), alternatives for which include natural hormone replacement therapy (nHRT). Alternate therapies and interventions are also practiced widely. The continued need for improved therapies should lead to more extensive consideration of hormone metabolism which is greatly altered by exercise and dietary factors. A full knowledge of the hormone metabolic path from cause to effect is urgently required.