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Combined tetanus, diphtheria, and 5-component pertussis vaccine for use in adolescents and adults

Michael E Pichichero1, Margaret B Rennels, Kathryn M Edwards

  • 1University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. michael_pichichero@urmc.rochester.edu

JAMA
|June 4, 2005
PubMed

Insights

The tetanus-diphtheria 5-component acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) showed strong immune responses in adolescents and adults. This pertussis vaccine demonstrated a safety profile comparable to the tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rising pertussis cases in the US necessitate vaccines for older populations.
  • Infant pertussis is often contracted from adolescents and adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a tetanus-diphtheria 5-component acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap).
  • To assess Tdap vaccine in adolescents and adults.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blind, comparative trial involving 4480 healthy adolescents and adults (11-64 years).
  • Participants received a single intramuscular dose of either Tdap or tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine.
  • Immune responses and adverse events were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Both Tdap and Td vaccines induced high antibody concentrations for diphtheria and tetanus.
  • Tdap vaccine generated significantly higher antibody titers to pertussis antigens compared to infant DTaP vaccine responses.
  • Local and systemic reactions were similar between Tdap and Td groups.

Conclusions:

  • The Tdap vaccine is immunogenic for pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria antigens in adolescents and adults.
  • Tdap exhibited a safety profile similar to the licensed Td vaccine.
  • Data support the routine use of Tdap in adolescents and adults.
Abstract

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