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Coping ability, negative self-evaluation, and overgeneralization: experiment and theory.

S Epstein1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|May 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Poor constructive thinkers exhibit a bias towards negative self-inferences, particularly with unfavorable personal outcomes. This selective overgeneralization impacts overall coping ability and self-perception.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Personality Psychology

Background:

  • Individuals exhibit varying general coping abilities.
  • Constructive Thinking Inventory (CTI) measures these abilities.
  • Cognitive biases can influence coping and self-perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare responses of individuals with different coping abilities.
  • To investigate overgeneralization biases in response to self- vs. other-directed outcomes.
  • To identify specific patterns in poor constructive thinkers' cognitive processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Constructive Thinking Inventory (CTI) to group participants.
  • Administered matched sets of items varying in outcome valence (positive/negative) and target (self/other).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzed response patterns across different participant groups and item types.

    • Main Results:

    • All groups showed overgeneralization for favorable outcomes.
    • Significant differences emerged for unfavorable, self-directed outcomes.
    • Poor constructive thinkers demonstrated greater negative overgeneralization for self-directed negative outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Poor constructive thinkers possess a selective bias for negative self-inferences.
    • This bias has significant implications for general coping ability.
    • Understanding negative self-schemata informs interventions for depression and self-esteem.