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Relationship between affect and memory: motivation-based selective generation.

L Taylor1

  • 1Tulane University.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|May 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Anger and the motivation to retaliate enhance memory for negative events. Men who expected retaliation recalled more negative words and details of provocation, unlike those without retaliatory intent.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Anger is a common human emotion.
  • The relationship between emotional states and memory recall is complex.
  • Previous research suggests emotional arousal can influence memory encoding and retrieval.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how anger and the motivation to retaliate affect memory for negative information.
  • To explore whether retaliatory motivation specifically enhances recall of negative stimuli.
  • To examine the impact of anger on memory for the details of a provoking event.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with male undergraduates.
  • Experiment 1 involved memorizing words with positive, negative, and neutral connotations under different anger and retaliation conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experiment 2 focused on recalling details of a personally provoking experience after manipulation of anger and retaliation expectation.

    • Main Results:

    • Angered participants motivated to retaliate recalled significantly more negative words compared to neutral or positive words.
    • This enhanced recall of negative words was specific to the retaliation condition; angered non-retaliators showed no such effect.
    • Angered participants expecting retaliation demonstrated more accurate recall of provocation details, irrespective of when they received retaliation information.

    Conclusions:

    • Anger, particularly when coupled with retaliatory motivation, selectively enhances memory for negative material.
    • Findings support a motivation-based selective generation hypothesis explaining the anger-memory link.
    • Retaliatory motivation appears to be a key factor in memory biases associated with anger.