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Health Watch exposure estimates: do they underestimate benzene exposure?

D C Glass1, C N Gray, D J Jolley

  • 1Monash University, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Central and Eastern Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia. deborah.glass@med.monash.edu.au

Chemico-Biological Interactions
|June 7, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Leukemia risk increased with benzene exposure in a Health Watch cohort study. Even low-level, long-term benzene exposure was linked to higher leukemia odds, particularly with intense exposure in certain jobs.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Environmental Epidemiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • An excess of leukemia was observed in male members of the Health Watch cohort.
  • Previous studies have indicated a link between benzene exposure and leukemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between benzene exposure and leukemia risk within the Health Watch cohort.
  • To quantify the risk of leukemia associated with varying levels of benzene exposure.

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study design was employed.
  • Occupational histories were used to retrospectively estimate individual benzene exposure.
  • Exposure data from Australian petroleum companies and structured interviews were utilized.

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Main Results:

  • Leukemia risk was found to increase with cumulative benzene exposure and exposure intensity.
  • Nearly 85% of cumulative exposure estimates were below 10 ppm-years.
  • A reanalysis showed a significantly elevated odds ratio (51.9) for leukemia in subjects with >16 ppm-years cumulative exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Benzene exposure is associated with an increased risk of leukemia, even at levels previously considered low.
  • Occupational benzene exposure remains a significant risk factor for leukemia in the petroleum industry.
  • Further research may be needed to understand the impact of occasional high exposures and local handling practices.