Spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal programmed cell death during postnatal development of the gerbil cochlea

During early postnatal development, afferent neurons of the cochlear (spiral) ganglion progressively refine their projections to auditory hair cells so that, by hearing onset, most cochlear nerve fibers innervate a single hearing receptor. One mechanism that might contribute to these changes in cochlear innervation is the programmed cell death (apoptosis) of developing neurons within the spiral ganglion. In the present study, we used the TUNEL method and morphological criteria to identify apoptotic cells within the spiral ganglion of the Mongolian gerbil during the first week of postnatal life when afferent projections to the cochlea are actively refined in this species. The locations of individual apoptotic spiral ganglion cells were mapped onto three-dimensional reconstructions of the entire ganglion for an age-graded series of gerbils to produce the first high-resolution, spatiotemporal maps of apoptotic ganglion cell death for the postnatal cochlea. We observed a significant increase in apoptosis in the spiral ganglion from postnatal day (P) 4 through P6. During this time, the most intense apoptotic activity occurred in regions of the spiral ganglion providing innervation to the lower middle and apical turns of the cochlea. The time course and regional variation of programmed cell death within the developing gerbil spiral ganglion are discussed in terms of the postnatal refinement of cochlear innervation and its possible functional significance for hearing in gerbils.