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Biocompatibility screening in cardiovascular implants.

M Sigler1, T Paul, R G Grabitz

  • 1Herzzentrum Göttingen, Pädiatrische Kardiologie und Intensivmedizin, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37099 Göttingen, Germany. msigler@gwdg.de

Zeitschrift Fur Kardiologie
|June 9, 2005
PubMed
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Evaluating cardiovascular implants requires advanced pathological screening. New methacrylate embedding techniques preserve tissue-implant interfaces, revealing inflammatory reactions and endothelialization for improved biocompatibility.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Pathology
  • Cardiovascular Engineering

Background:

  • Growing interest in the biocompatibility of cardiovascular implants.
  • Need for effective pathological screening methods for explanted devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss methods and results of pathological biocompatibility screening for explanted cardiovascular implants.
  • To evaluate tissue reactions and optimize implant design.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing methylmethacrylate or hydroxyethylmethacrylate embedding for in situ implant analysis.
  • Employing diamond cutters and grinding for sectioning, preserving the tissue-implant interface.
  • Applying immunohistochemical staining and scanning electron microscopy for detailed tissue and endothelialization assessment.

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Main Results:

  • Demonstrated findings in animal and human cardiovascular implant specimens (stents, occlusion devices).
  • Observed early endothelialization on implant vascular surfaces across device types.
  • Characterized inflammatory reactions, ranging from mild (stainless steel, nitinol) to severe (polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]).

Conclusions:

  • Optimal work-up allows assessment of ingrowth, endothelialization, and inflammatory reactions.
  • Enables evaluation of individual tissue responses to implants.
  • Provides a basis for optimizing implant biocompatibility through modification.