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Cementum on Smilodon sabers.
Holliston L Riviere1, H Todd Wheeler
1School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA. rivierefam@att.net
Summary
Cementum was found at the cervix of Smilodon californicus saber teeth, indicating gingival attachment. This suggests enhanced stability and sensory input for these saber-toothed cat canines.
Area of Science:
- Paleontology
- Comparative Anatomy
- Dental Histology
Background:
- Modern felids exhibit gingival attachment at the cementoenamel junction of maxillary canines.
- Smilodon californicus (saber-toothed cat) maxillary canines possess a deeply curved cementoenamel junction.
- Gingival attachment in Smilodon could offer tooth stability and sensory feedback.
Purpose of the Study:
- To directly confirm the presence of cementum at the cervix of Smilodon californicus maxillary canines (sabers).
- To investigate the histological and mineralogical characteristics of Smilodon saber tooth tissues.
Main Methods:
- Sectioning of Smilodon californicus saber tooth fragments.
- Examination using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
- Analysis of calcium and phosphorus content and ratios in enamel, dentin, and cementum.
Main Results:
- Cementum was definitively identified in the cervical region of Smilodon sabers.
- Energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the tissue is calcified, primarily hydroxyapatite.
- Calcium and phosphorus ratios were consistent with hydroxyapatite, despite variability in individual percentages.
Conclusions:
- Direct evidence confirms cementum presence, supporting gingival attachment at the cervix of Smilodon sabers.
- This finding has implications for understanding the biomechanics and sensory function of Smilodon teeth.
- Future biomechanical models of Smilodon feeding must incorporate the presence of soft tissues.