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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...

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Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
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Published on: April 6, 2012

A microRNA polycistron as a potential human oncogene.

Lin He1, J Michael Thomson, Michael T Hemann

  • 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Watson School of Biological Sciences, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.

Nature
|June 10, 2005
PubMed
Summary

The mir-17-92 microRNA cluster is often elevated in B-cell lymphomas. Its enforced expression accelerates tumor development and inhibits apoptosis, suggesting it may function as a human oncogene.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Over 200 microRNAs (miRNAs) are known in humans, but their functions are largely unknown.
  • The mir-17-92 polycistron is located in a DNA region amplified in human B-cell lymphomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the mir-17-92 microRNA cluster in B-cell lymphomas.
  • To determine if the mir-17-92 cluster acts as a human oncogene.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of miRNA levels in B-cell lymphoma samples/cell lines versus normal tissues.
  • Enforced expression of the mir-17-92 cluster in a mouse B-cell lymphoma model, alongside c-myc.
  • Analysis of apoptosis in tumors derived from hematopoietic stem cells with mir-17-92 and c-myc expression.

Main Results:

  • Levels of primary or mature miRNAs from the mir-17-92 locus were frequently increased in B-cell lymphomas.
  • Enforced mir-17-92 expression accelerated tumor development in conjunction with c-myc in mice.
  • Tumors with mir-17-92 and c-myc showed reduced apoptosis compared to c-myc-induced lymphomas.

Conclusions:

  • Non-coding RNAs, specifically miRNAs, can influence tumor formation.
  • The mir-17-92 cluster is implicated as a potential human oncogene in B-cell lymphomas.