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[Pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes: the activated plaque]

Giorgia Paoli1, Paola Mantovani, Diego Ardissino

  • 1UO di Cardiologia, Ospedale Maggiore, Parma.

Italian Heart Journal : Official Journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology
|June 11, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Atherosclerosis involves arterial plaque buildup, causing narrowed arteries and symptoms like heart attack or stroke. This review explores factors leading to plaque rupture and complications.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pathology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Context:

  • Atherosclerosis is a systemic arterial disease.
  • It leads to lumen narrowing, ischemia, and symptoms like myocardial infarction, angina, or stroke.
  • Acute coronary syndromes involve plaque rupture and thrombosis, compromising coronary blood flow.

Purpose:

  • To analyze the complex mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque complication and rupture.
  • To investigate systemic and local factors contributing to plaque vulnerability.
  • To understand why some plaques become symptomatic while others remain asymptomatic.

Summary:

  • This review examines the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, focusing on the progression of arterial wall changes including lipid accumulation, fibrosis, and inflammation.
  • It details how these changes lead to progressive lumen narrowing and reduced blood flow, causing ischemic symptoms.
  • The review specifically addresses the mechanisms behind plaque rupture and thrombosis, the final pathway for acute coronary syndromes, considering both systemic and local influences.

Impact:

  • Provides insights into the dynamic processes underlying plaque rupture.
  • Highlights the importance of understanding both systemic and local factors in atherosclerosis.
  • Aims to improve the prediction and prevention of acute cardiovascular events.

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