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Evaluation of rapid antibody dissociation techniques
M A Burich1, J P AuBuchon, H J Anderson
1St. Luke's Hospitals Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Immunohematology
|January 1, 1986
Summary
Two new methods, citric acid and chloroquine diphosphate (CDP) at 37°C, efficiently remove antibodies from red blood cells. These techniques aid in investigating positive direct antiglobulin tests (DAT) and performing antigen typing.
Area of Science:
- Transfusion Medicine
- Immunology
- Hematology
Background:
- Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) positivity indicates red blood cell sensitization.
- Investigating DAT requires effective antibody removal techniques.
- Existing methods like ZZAP and CDP at 22°C have limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- Evaluate novel antibody dissociation techniques: citric acid and chloroquine diphosphate (CDP) at 37°C.
- Compare these methods against ZZAP and CDP at 22°C.
- Assess their efficacy in antibody removal for autoadsorption and antigen typing.
Main Methods:
- In vitro sensitization of red blood cells with 20 patient/donor antibodies.
- Application of citric acid, CDP at 37°C, ZZAP, and CDP at 22°C for antibody removal.
- Evaluation of antigen integrity post-treatment.
Main Results:
- CDP at 37°C achieved 95% complete antibody removal, followed by ZZAP (85%), citric acid (50%), and CDP at 22°C (15%).
- CDP at 37°C preserved all tested red cell antigens.
- Citric acid treatment preserved all antigens except Kell system and enabled rapid autoantibody adsorption.
Conclusions:
- Citric acid and CDP at 37°C are effective for investigating positive DAT.
- These novel methods offer improved antibody removal efficiency and antigen preservation.
- The techniques facilitate crucial pre-transfusion testing and diagnostic procedures.