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Risk factors associated with denture stomatitis in the United States
J D Shulman1, F Rivera-Hidalgo, M M Beach
1Department of Public Health Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Dallas, TX, USA. jshulman@bcd.tamhsc.edu
Summary
Denture stomatitis (DS) affects nearly 28% of denture wearers, linked to continuous denture use, smoking, and low vitamin A. Proper denture relines may reduce DS risk.
Area of Science:
- Oral health
- Dental epidemiology
- Public health
Background:
- Denture stomatitis (DS) is a common oral condition affecting denture wearers.
- Prevalence data for DS from a large, representative US population sample is limited.
- The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) provides a robust dataset for epidemiological studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of denture stomatitis (DS) in a large US probability sample.
- To identify risk factors associated with DS in removable denture wearers.
- To analyze the impact of sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors on DS prevalence.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of oral examination data from 3450 participants aged 18-90+ in the NHANES III survey (1988-1994).
- Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between DS and various covariates.
- Covariates included sociodemographic factors, denture quality, blood analytes, alcohol/tobacco use, diabetes history, and antibiotic use.
Main Results:
- Denture stomatitis (DS) was present in 27.9% (963/3450) of removable denture wearers.
- Continuous wear of complete maxillary and mandibular dentures significantly increased DS risk (AOR: 6.20 and 5.21, respectively).
- Smoking, vitamin A deficiency, and inadequate denture relines were strongly associated with DS prevalence.
Conclusions:
- Denture stomatitis prevalence is significantly associated with continuous denture wear.
- Low vitamin A levels and cigarette smoking are identified as key risk factors for DS.
- Denture fit, specifically inadequate relines, may influence DS occurrence, with better relines potentially reducing risk.