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Related Experiment Videos

Anterior tooth morphology and its effect on torque.

M van Loenen1, J Degrieck, G De Pauw

  • 1Orthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, University of Ghent, De Pintelaan 185 P8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. mignonvanloenen@ugent.be

European Journal of Orthodontics
|June 11, 2005
PubMed
Summary

The crown-root angle (CRA) of upper incisors and canines varies significantly. Bracket placement height influences root torque, impacting orthodontic treatment outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Anatomy
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Understanding tooth morphology is crucial for effective orthodontic treatment.
  • Variations in crown-root angle (CRA) and labial contour influence treatment predictability.
  • Accurate torque control is essential for precise tooth movement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the variability in crown-root angle (CRA) of maxillary incisors and canines.
  • To assess variations in the labial contour of these teeth.
  • To evaluate the impact of bracket height and labial contour variability on root torque.

Main Methods:

  • 160 extracted maxillary incisors and canines were analyzed using proximal radiographs.
  • Digital analysis defined crown and root long axes to measure CRA.

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  • Labial surface inclination was measured at various heights to assess contour and its effect on torque.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant variability was observed in the CRA of both incisors (171-195°) and canines (167-195°).
    • Labial surface inclinations showed considerable variation, with differences up to 10° within clinically relevant zones.
    • Standard deviations for labial surface inclination were larger for canines than incisors.

    Conclusions:

    • Considerable natural variation exists in the CRA and labial contour of maxillary incisors and canines.
    • Bracket placement at different heights, even within clinical limits, leads to significant differences in root torque.
    • These findings highlight the importance of considering individual tooth anatomy for predictable orthodontic torque control.