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Alterations in hepatic phase I and phase II biotransformation enzymes by garlic oil in rats
1Toxicology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, AL 36088.
Abstract:
Studies were conducted to examine the effect of a single and repeated administrations of garlic oil (diallyl sulfide) on Phase I and Phase II biotransformation enzymes in rats. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a single dose of garlic oil (500 mg/kg i.p.) showed a significant depression of hepatic cytochrome P-450, aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase while microsomal protein content, cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, benzphetamine N-demethylase and cytosolic glutathione, S-transferase remained unaffected 24 h following the treatment. Although certain microsomal enzymes were depressed, there was no liver damage caused by garlic oil as judged by the putative serum enzyme test. On the other hand, daily administration of garlic oil (50 mg/kg i.p. for 5 days) produced a significant increase in hepatic cytochrome P-450, aminopyrine N-demethylase and benzphetamine N-demethylase activities, but not in the rest of the aforementioned parameters of biotransformation reactions. These data indicate that the effect of garlic oil on the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system is dose-dependent.
Insights
Garlic oil
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Drug Metabolism Studies
Background:
- Garlic oil, containing diallyl sulfide, is known for its biological activities.
- Understanding its impact on drug metabolism is crucial for safety and efficacy assessments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the dose-dependent effects of garlic oil on Phase I and Phase II biotransformation enzymes in rats.
- To determine if garlic oil administration causes liver damage.
Main Methods:
- Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered single or repeated doses of garlic oil (500 mg/kg i.p. or 50 mg/kg i.p. for 5 days).
- Hepatic microsomal and cytosolic enzymes, including cytochrome P-450, were measured.
- Serum enzyme tests were used to assess liver damage.
Main Results:
- A single high dose of garlic oil (500 mg/kg) depressed hepatic cytochrome P-450 and related enzymes.
- Repeated low-dose administration (50 mg/kg) significantly increased cytochrome P-450 and other enzyme activities.
- No evidence of liver damage was observed.
Conclusions:
- Garlic oil exhibits dose-dependent effects on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes.
- Low-dose, repeated exposure to garlic oil can induce key drug-metabolizing enzymes.
- Garlic oil does not appear to cause liver toxicity at the tested doses.