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Positional accuracy of two methods of geocoding.

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Geocoding accuracy varies by location; rural addresses have greater positional errors than town addresses. Commercial geocoding services did not improve accuracy over in-house methods for this study.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Geocoding is essential for mapping residences in epidemiologic studies using GIS.
  • The accuracy of geocoding methods is often not rigorously assessed.
  • Accurate spatial data is crucial for environmental exposure assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of different geocoding methods.
  • To compare in-house geocoding with a commercial service.
  • To assess the impact of geocoding errors on exposure classification.

Main Methods:

  • Collected global positioning system (GPS) data for home locations in an Iowa case-control study.
  • Geocoded addresses using in-house software (ArcView/TIGER 2000) and a commercial firm.
  • Calculated positional error (distance between geocoded and GPS locations) for town and rural residences.

Main Results:

  • Both methods achieved median positional errors under 100m, but rural addresses showed higher errors.
  • In-house geocoding (ArcView/TIGER 2000) had 56% accuracy for rural homes; commercial firm had 28%.
  • Geocoding errors impacted proximity classification to crop fields within 100m, but not at 250-500m.

Conclusions:

  • Rural addresses exhibit greater geocoding positional errors than town addresses.
  • Commercial geocoding services did not offer improved accuracy over in-house methods.
  • The impact of geocoding errors on exposure classification depends on the spatial variability of the exposure.