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Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
Published on: January 9, 2014
Tuning first molecular hyperpolarizabilities through the use of proaromatic spacers
Raquel Andreu1, Maria Jesús Blesa, Laura Carrasquer
1Departamento de Química Orgánica-ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Abstract:
In this paper, we describe the second-order nonlinear optical properties of a series of 1,3-dithiole-based electron donor-acceptor systems incorporating proaromatic donor and spacer groups. Modification of the proaromaticity of the quinoid spacer gives rise to NLO-phores with mubeta values ranging from -2000 x 10(-)(48) esu to +3000 x 10(-)(48) esu. Quite surprisingly, compounds with a p-benzoquinoid spacer and a strong acceptor group show negative mubeta values, usually associated to zwitterionic ground states, and yet they are largely quinoid, as evidenced by crystallographic data and theoretical calculations. Progressive benzoannulation of the spacer and introduction of alkylsulfanyl substituents on the dithiole donor unit result in a shift to more positive mubeta values. DFT and ab initio calculations verify these empirical trends.
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