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Can type 2 diabetes mellitus be considered preventable?

György Jermendy1

  • 1Third Medical Department, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Teaching Hospital, 89-91 Maglodi ut, 1106 Budapest, Hungary. gyjermendy@mail.datanet.hu

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|June 16, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is achievable through lifestyle changes. While some medications show promise, counseling on weight loss and physical activity is recommended for pre-diabetes patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) prevention is a significant global health priority.
  • Lifestyle modifications demonstrate efficacy in delaying or preventing T2DM onset.
  • Pharmacological interventions and hormone replacement therapy have also shown risk reduction in specific populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on the primary prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions and pharmacological agents in T2DM prevention.
  • To discuss the current status of T2DM prevention strategies and recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of large clinical trials and prospective studies.
  • Analysis of data from trials involving metformin, acarbose, orlistat, troglitazone, antihypertensives, lipid-lowering agents, and hormone replacement therapy.

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  • Evaluation of studies focusing on patients with impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant risk reduction for newly diagnosed T2DM observed with lifestyle modification.
    • Metformin, acarbose, orlistat, troglitazone, certain antihypertensives, pravastatin, and hormone replacement therapy showed statistically significant risk reduction in specific high-risk groups.
    • T2DM is identified as a preventable disease based on current evidence.

    Conclusions:

    • Lifestyle modification, including weight loss and increased physical activity, is a cornerstone for T2DM prevention, particularly for individuals with pre-diabetes.
    • While certain medications have demonstrated preventive effects, they are not universally registered or recommended for routine T2DM prevention.
    • T2DM should be recognized as a preventable condition, emphasizing the importance of public health initiatives and patient counseling.