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Related Experiment Videos

Evolutionary implications of bacterial polyketide synthases.

Holger Jenke-Kodama1, Axel Sandmann, Rolf Müller

  • 1Humboldt University, Institute of Biology, Chausseestrasse, Berlin, Germany.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|June 17, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Polyketide synthases (PKS) and fatty acid synthases (FAS) share a common evolutionary history, with modular PKS playing a central role. Gene duplication, loss, and horizontal gene transfer significantly shaped bacterial PKS evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Polyketide synthases (PKS) and fatty acid synthases (FAS) are crucial enzymes in biosynthesis.
  • PKS products exhibit diverse pharmaceutical properties, including antibiotic and antitumor activities.
  • Understanding PKS and FAS evolution provides insights into secondary metabolite production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of bacterial and fungal PKS and FAS.
  • To investigate the evolutionary relationships and mechanisms driving PKS evolution in bacteria.
  • To explore the origins of modular PKS and their connection to FAS.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of conserved ketoacyl synthase (KS) domains.
  • Phylogenomic analysis of modular PKS from complete eubacterial genomes.

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  • Examination of acyltransferase and KS domain sequence distribution.

    • Main Results:

    • PKS and FAS have undergone a long, joint evolutionary process.
    • Modular PKS are evolutionarily central, likely originating from bacterial FAS and iterative PKS.
    • Gene duplication, loss, and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) are key drivers of bacterial PKS I evolution, with varying impact across bacterial groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Modular PKS share a common ancestor with animal FAS and secondary iterative PKS.
    • HGT played a significant role in PKS I evolution in proteobacteria, while common ancestry is more evident in actinobacteria and cyanobacteria.
    • Unraveling evolutionary links aids in understanding the selective advantages of secondary metabolite biosynthesis.