[Multivisceral tuberculosis with aortic complication in an immunocompetent patient]

Area of Science:

• Medical Imaging
• Infectious Diseases
• Vascular Surgery

Background:

• Multivisceral tuberculosis is a rare manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
• The disease often presents atypically in developed countries, particularly in patients without typical risk factors.
• Early diagnosis is critical due to the potential for severe complications, including mycotic aneurysms.

Observation:

• A 59-year-old male presented with cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
• Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and laparoscopic findings were utilized for diagnosis.
• The patient was diagnosed with multivisceral tuberculosis involving the peritoneum and a mycotic aneurysm.

Findings:

• CT and MRI demonstrated characteristic features suggestive of peritoneal tuberculosis and a mycotic aneurysm.
• Laparoscopic examination confirmed the extent of peritoneal involvement and the vascular complication.
• The diagnostic value and limitations of CT and MRI in this uncommon presentation were evaluated.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering uncommon diagnoses like multivisceral tuberculosis in patients with constitutional symptoms, even without traditional risk factors.
• Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent life-threatening complications, such as mycotic aneurysms.
• Advanced imaging modalities like CT and MRI play a vital role in the early detection and management of this challenging condition.