New horizons in orthopaedics: a rational discussion of biologics and bone graft substitutes

Numerous inductive proteins, conductive substrates, and autogenous cellular concentration techniques have become clinically available as substitutes for autogenous bone graft. This review presents a critical analysis of their preclinical and clinical efficacy. In many instances, the widespread use of these materials must be questioned based on the limited clinical data available. A thorough knowledge of these materials is crucial for the surgeon to match the material to its defined indications.