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Updated: Aug 17, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
Published on: February 8, 2022
Role of Echocardiography in Diagnosis and Management of Endocarditis
Ross T Murphy1, Mario J Garcia
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, F15, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. garciam@ccf.org.
Abstract:
Echocardiography plays an increasingly important role in diagnosis and management of patients with infective and noninfective endocarditis. Significant changes to diagnostic criteria for endocarditis have occurred, and there are evolving trends associated with an older population presenting with endocarditis, greater numbers of patients with prosthetic heart valves and complex congenital heart disease, and an exponential increase in the numbers of patients eligible for pacing and defibrillator implants. The diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography has been enhanced by developments such as multiplanar transesophageal probes, real-time three-dimensional echocardiography, and intracardiac echocardiography. Standard echocardiography techniques now define the need for and timing of surgical intervention in endocarditis and may help determine the duration of treatment and follow-up after diagnosis.
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