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Nitrogen transformations modeling in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands.

Wenxin Liu1, Mohamed F Dahab, Rao Y Surampalli

  • 1Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, USA

Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation
|June 23, 2005
PubMed
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Subsurface-flow constructed wetlands effectively treat wastewater but struggle with nitrogen removal. This study models nitrogen transformations, finding nitrification, denitrification, and plant uptake remove about two-thirds of influent nitrogen.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Quality Management
  • Wastewater Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (CWs) are effective for organic matter removal in wastewater treatment.
  • Nutrient removal, especially nitrogen, in CWs is often inconsistent and not fully understood.
  • Quantifying nitrogen transformations is crucial for optimizing CW performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a quantitative basis for understanding nitrogen transformations in subsurface-flow CW systems.
  • To develop and calibrate a model for predicting nitrogen removal performance in CWs.
  • To identify key nitrogen transformation pathways within the wetland.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized actual performance data from a full-scale constructed wetland facility.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed a compartmental analysis technique with differential equations and nonlinear optimization.
  • Calibrated a nitrogen transformations model to replicate and predict wetland performance.

    • Main Results:

    • The developed model accurately reproduced mean effluent concentrations for organic, ammonium, and nitrate nitrogen.
    • Model accuracy was lower for predicting peak high and low effluent concentrations.
    • Nitrogen mass balance indicated nitrification, denitrification, and vegetative assimilation as primary removal pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Approximately one-third of influent nitrogen was removed via nitrification and denitrification.
    • Vegetative assimilation accounted for another third of nitrogen removal.
    • The remaining nitrogen was discharged in the wetland effluent, highlighting areas for potential improvement.