Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 17, 2026

A Protocol for Constructing a Rat Wound Model of Type 1 Diabetes
05:18

A Protocol for Constructing a Rat Wound Model of Type 1 Diabetes

Published on: February 17, 2023

Effect of glycaemic control on apoptosis in diabetic wounds

N K Rai1, Suryabhan, M Ansari

  • 1Department of General Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India.

Journal of Wound Care
|June 25, 2005
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Poor glycemic control and microangiopathy increase apoptosis in diabetic wounds, delaying healing. Oral hypoglycemic agents showed higher apoptosis rates than insulin in diabetic foot ulcers.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Wound Healing Research

Background:

  • Diabetic foot ulcers represent a significant clinical challenge.
  • Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, plays a role in wound healing.
  • The impact of glycemic control and specific treatments on apoptosis in diabetic wounds requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of glycemic control on apoptosis in chronic diabetic ulcers.
  • To compare the differential roles of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) in modulating apoptosis.
  • To correlate apoptosis markers with glycemic control and microangiopathy in diabetic patients.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited non-diabetic and diabetic patients with chronic foot ulcers.
  • Assessed apoptosis using DNA fragmentation and morphological changes (apoptotic index).
  • Compared apoptosis with fasting/post-prandial blood sugar, serum LDL, proteinuria, and retinopathy.

Main Results:

  • Significantly increased DNA fragmentation (apoptosis) in diabetic wounds compared to non-diabetic controls.
  • DNA fragmentation showed a positive correlation with blood sugar levels, serum LDL, and proteinuria.
  • Apoptosis was significantly higher in patients treated with OHAs compared to those on insulin, particularly in those with retinopathy.

Conclusions:

  • Poor glycemic control and microangiopathy significantly enhance apoptosis in diabetic wounds.
  • Treatment with OHAs resulted in greater apoptosis than insulin therapy.
  • Increased apoptosis contributes to delayed wound healing in diabetic patients.

More Related Videos

Protocol to Create Chronic Wounds in Diabetic Mice06:55

Protocol to Create Chronic Wounds in Diabetic Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a significant...