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Brain abnormalities underlying altered activation in dyslexia: a voxel based morphometry study.

G Silani1, U Frith, J-F Demonet

  • 1Psychology Department, University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|June 25, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Developmental dyslexia is linked to altered brain structure, specifically in grey and white matter density within reading-related regions. These findings are consistent across different cultures, suggesting a universal neurological basis for dyslexia.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Previous functional imaging studies indicated reduced brain activation in temporal and occipital lobes during reading tasks in individuals with developmental dyslexia.
  • The underlying neuroanatomical correlates of these functional differences remained to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the consistency of brain morphometry data with functional imaging findings in developmental dyslexia.
  • To identify specific grey and white matter alterations associated with reading system dysfunction in dyslexia.
  • To examine the cross-cultural consistency of these neuroanatomical differences.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was employed to analyze brain morphometric data.

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  • The study included participants from three distinct cultural contexts: the UK, France, and Italy.
  • Data were compared with previous Positron Emission Tomography (PET) activation studies on the same cohort.

    • Main Results:

    • Altered brain activation in the reading system was associated with altered grey and white matter density in specific regions.
    • Key areas identified include the left middle and inferior temporal gyri and the left arcuate fasciculus.
    • Neuroanatomical differences related to dyslexia were found to be replicable across the UK, French, and Italian samples.

    Conclusions:

    • Developmental dyslexia is characterized by both local grey matter dysfunction and altered connectivity within the phonological/reading network.
    • The neurobiological underpinnings of dyslexia appear consistent across diverse cultural backgrounds.
    • Voxel-based morphometry provides a reliable method for assessing structural brain differences in dyslexia and their cross-cultural consistency.