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Related Experiment Videos

Coevolutionary arms races between bacteria and bacteriophage.

J S Weitz1, H Hartman, S A Levin

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. jsweitz@princeton.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 25, 2005
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a framework to model bacteria and bacteriophage coevolution. It reveals conditions for multiple species to coexist and develop distinct functional traits.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Theoretical Biology

Background:

  • Bacteriophage (phage) and bacteria engage in rapid coevolutionary dynamics.
  • Phage infect bacteria using surface receptors crucial for bacterial nutrient uptake, creating selective pressure.
  • This interaction drives reciprocal adaptations in bacterial receptors and phage tail fibers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a computational and theoretical framework for analyzing bacteriophage- and bacteria- coevolutionary dynamics.
  • To investigate the conditions leading to coevolutionary branching and the emergence of distinct microbial quasispecies.
  • To explore the ecological context and functional specialization arising from these coevolutionary processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized adaptive dynamics to create a mathematical model of trait adaptations.

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  • Incorporated host efficiency in resource uptake and phage resistance, and phage host preference.
  • Employed stochastic Monte Carlo simulations in a chemostat environment to validate model predictions.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified conditions for coevolutionary branching and parameters leading to distinct quasispecies.
    • Demonstrated that multiple bacteria and phage quasispecies can coexist in a homogeneous environment.
    • Showed that phage quasispecies exhibit specialized adsorption to specific bacterial quasispecies, indicating endogenous functional differentiation.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed framework accurately models rapid coevolutionary dynamics between bacteriophage and bacteria.
    • Coevolution can lead to the emergence of diverse microbial communities with specialized interactions.
    • The study provides a basis for experimental validation using model organisms like Escherichia coli and lambda phage.