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Ventricular septal defect in a world class runner.

A Boraita1, J Esteve-Lanao, M Pérez

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Sport Medicine Center, Higher Sports Council, Madrid, Spain.

British Journal of Sports Medicine
|June 25, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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An elite young endurance runner competed at the World Cross Country Championships despite an undiagnosed ventricular septal defect (VSD). This VSD did not appear to impact his high-level athletic performance.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Elite endurance athletes often undergo rigorous cardiac screening.
  • Congenital heart conditions like ventricular septal defects (VSDs) can present challenges in sports.
  • Understanding the impact of VSDs on athletic performance is crucial for athlete management.

Observation:

  • An 18-year-old elite East African male endurance runner achieved a top 15 ranking in the World Cross Country Championships (U21 category).
  • The athlete, a native of moderate altitude (approx. 3000m), was diagnosed with a small ventricular septal defect (VSD; 0.22 cm width) two weeks post-event via echocardiography.
  • Cardiac dimensions were normal, with no significant pathological signs observed despite the VSD.

Findings:

  • The athlete's maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) was 67.9 ml kg(-1) min(-1), considered relatively low for his performance level.

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  • Despite only one year of training, his running economy exceeded laboratory values for Caucasian runners of similar age.
  • The small VSD did not appear to cause pathological effects or hinder performance at this elite level.

    • Implications:

    • This case suggests that small VSDs may not always impede elite endurance performance in young athletes.
    • Further cardiological follow-up is recommended to monitor the long-term effects of the VSD on the athlete's health and career.
    • Findings contribute to the understanding of cardiac adaptations and limitations in high-performance endurance athletes from diverse backgrounds.