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Related Experiment Videos

Aging, encoding, and word retrieval: distinguishing phonological and memory processes.

Laureen O'Hanlon1, Susan Kemper, Kim A Wilcox

  • 1Department of Speech Pathology and Andiology, California State University, Sacramento, California 95819-6071, USA. ohanlon@csus.edu

Experimental Aging Research
|June 29, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Older adults experience word retrieval difficulties, especially with phonologically similar names. While both age groups struggled with similar words, older adults required more trials for encoding, indicating age-related encoding challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Word retrieval deficits are common in older adults.
  • The Transmission Deficit Hypothesis suggests phonological similarity impacts retrieval.
  • Understanding age-related memory changes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate word retrieval in older adults.
  • To test the Transmission Deficit Hypothesis regarding phonological similarity and names.
  • To compare encoding and retrieval processes between younger and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted comparing younger and older adults.
  • Participants were tested on word recall, including proper names and common nouns.
  • Phonological similarity and number of trials were manipulated.

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Main Results:

  • Older adults recalled fewer words than younger adults across trials.
  • Proper names and phonologically similar words were harder to retrieve for all participants.
  • Age differences were minimal in retrieval but evident in encoding, with older adults needing more trials.

Conclusions:

  • Phonologically similar words and names pose retrieval challenges for both age groups.
  • Older adults show age-related difficulties primarily in the encoding of these challenging items.
  • Encoding processes, not retrieval itself, appear to explain age differences in word retrieval.