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Related Experiment Videos

Human polyomaviruses and brain tumors.

Martyn K White1, Jennifer Gordon, Krzysztof Reiss

  • 1Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, 015-96, Room 203, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.

Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews
|June 29, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Three polyomaviruses, JC virus (JCV), BK virus (BKV), and simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40), are linked to human brain tumors. These viruses can cause tumors in animals and their proteins dysregulate host cell functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Oncology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Polyomaviruses are small DNA tumor viruses with circular genomes.
  • JC virus (JCV), BK virus (BKV), and simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40) are implicated in human brain tumor development.
  • JCV causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), BKV causes polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVN), and SV40 entered the human population via contaminated vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of three polyomaviruses (JCV, BKV, SV40) in human brain tumor development.
  • To discuss their oncogenic potential in experimental animals.
  • To present evidence linking these viruses to human cancers and explore their molecular mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on polyomaviruses and human tumors.

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  • Analysis of clinical samples for viral DNA and protein expression.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms involving viral non-structural proteins.

    • Main Results:

    • JCV, BKV, and SV40 are oncogenic in animal models.
    • Evidence suggests an association between these polyomaviruses, particularly JCV, and human brain tumors.
    • Viral proteins like large T-antigen, small t-antigen, and agnoprotein dysregulate host cell cycle and DNA repair pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Polyomaviruses represent a significant area of research in human oncology and neuroscience.
    • Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of viral oncogenesis is crucial.
    • Understanding these mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for virus-associated cancers.