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Pharmacological developments in male contraception.

M J Cosentino¹, S A Matlin

¹Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, PA 17551, USA.

Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs

|June 1, 1997

Summary

New male contraception methods are being developed beyond condoms and vasectomy. Research focuses on hormonal and non-hormonal agents targeting sperm production and function, offering potential alternatives.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive biology
Pharmacology
Urology

Background:

Current male contraception options (condoms, coitus interruptus, vasectomy) have significant drawbacks including inconvenience, reduced pleasure, high failure rates, and near-sterilization.
Existing methods necessitate male involvement and often carry a substantial burden of side effects or inconvenience.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in male contraceptive research, evaluating novel hormonal and non-hormonal approaches.
To analyze the mechanisms of action, benefits, and limitations of emerging male contraceptive strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical and animal studies on male contraceptive agents.
Analysis of compounds targeting spermatogenesis (hormonal and non-hormonal) and post-testicular sperm functions.
Evaluation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonism as a contraceptive strategy.

Main Results:

Hormonal agents, primarily testosterone esters (alone or with progestogens), are nearing development for suppressing sperm production.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonism shows promise in suppressing gonadotropins, impacting fertility.
Non-hormonal antispermatogenic agents (phytochemicals, enzyme inhibitors) and post-testicular agents (affecting sperm metabolism, motility, maturation, or transport) are under investigation.

Conclusions:

Diverse research avenues are exploring new male contraceptive methods, moving beyond traditional options.
Hormonal and non-hormonal agents targeting sperm production and function represent promising future directions in male fertility control.
Further research is needed to establish the efficacy, safety, and practicality of these novel male contraceptive strategies.

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