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Related Experiment Videos

Cross protection studies with Eimeria maxima strains.

Patricia C Allen1, Mark C Jenkins, Katarzyna B Miska

  • 1USDA/ARS, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Bldg. 1040, Rm 103, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. pallen@ANRI.barc.usda.gov

Parasitology Research
|July 2, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Parasite fecundity in Eimeria maxima is crucial for stimulating effective cross-protective immunity in chickens. Increasing the fecundity of a low-fecundity strain enhanced its ability to provide immunity against other strains.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Immunology
  • Poultry Science

Background:

  • Eimeria maxima is a significant protozoan parasite affecting broiler chickens.
  • Understanding the factors influencing Eimeria immune responses is vital for effective disease control.
  • Fecundity, or reproductive potential, of parasite isolates may impact their immunogenicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between Eimeria maxima isolate fecundity and their capacity to induce cross-protective immunity.
  • To determine if parasite reproductive potential is a key factor in eliciting robust immune responses in chickens.

Main Methods:

  • A 4x4 cross-immunization study was conducted using four Eimeria maxima strains (A-D) in broiler chicks.
  • Immunization involved low-dose gavages of sporulated oocysts with parasite recycling.

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  • Chickens were challenged with homologous and heterologous strains, and efficacy was assessed via a protective index (weight gain, lesion score, plasma carotenoid, NO2- + NO3-).

    • Main Results:

    • Eimeria maxima strain A, with initially lower fecundity, failed to induce cross-protection against other strains.
    • After passages increasing strain A's fecundity, it successfully provided cross-immune protection against strain C.
    • Parasite fecundity directly correlated with the ability to elicit protective immune responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Parasite fecundity is a critical determinant of Eimeria maxima's immunogenicity and ability to stimulate cross-protective immunity.
    • Fecundity should be a monitored parameter when characterizing the immune potential of different Eimeria strains.
    • Optimizing parasite fecundity may be a strategy for developing more effective Eimeria vaccines or immunotherapies.